10 results
Causes of Pleural Effusion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transudate - Hydrostatic
 • Congestive heart failure
 • Constrictive
Effusion - Differential ... - Oncotic • Cirrhosis ... Urinothorax Exudate - Infectious ... Malignancy • Pulmonary ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Hepatology
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infections 

Mycobacterial species other than those belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and
status NTM Cause ... Hematologic malignancy ... History of immunosuppressive ... Disease: Clinical ... #differential #
Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA)
ANA or Anti-NucIear Antibody refers to antibodies against antigens in the nucleus → like
likely it will be clinically ... Lymphoproliferative Disorders, Infection ... Primary Biliary Cirrhosis ... , Interstitial Pulmonary ... #diagnosis #differential
Sjogren's Syndrome Overview

Epidemiology:
• F > M: 9:1
• 5-6th Decades (can be any age)

Autoimmune exocrinopathy multisystemic disease
Hypocomplementemia • Can cause ... gland) biopsy • Histo ... salivary ducts Clinical ... : • 10%-15% Pulmonary ... primary biliary cirrhosis
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE)
Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
requires special media ... antimicrobials, clinical ... but important causes ... antiphospholipid syndrome ... Diseases Fellows
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
progressing GN • New pulmonary ... tract, and often causes ... + MPO-ANCA MEDIUM ... to exclude are infections ... C-ANCA) pattern: antibodies
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
Caused by intrapulmonary ... shunt (Type 2) Clinical ... with or without cirrhosis ... no established medical ... management #treatment #hepatology
Cryofibrinogenemia Summary

Cryofibrinogenemia Epidemiology:
 • 40-70 years with a modest female predominance

Cryofibrinogenemia:
 • The precipitation of a
Malignancy • Infections ... thrombophlebitis, pulmonary ... cryoglobulins • Negative causes ... Antiphospholipid syndrome ... #hematology
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Illness Script
HPS is a pulmonary disorder of chronic liver disease characterized by a
arteriovenous shunting causes ... of orthodeoxia CLINICAL ... • Stigmata of cirrhosis ... • No effective medical ... #hepatology
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome - Overview of IRIS

What Is IRIS?
	• A state of hyperinflammatory response that
Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ... worsening of that disease ... a few months (median ... organizing PNA • Mycobacterium ... progression of cirrhosis