11 results
Causes of Pleural Effusion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transudate - Hydrostatic
 • Congestive heart failure
 • Constrictive
Effusion - Differential ... - Oncotic • Cirrhosis ... Urinothorax Exudate - Infectious ... Malignancy • Pulmonary ... #Hepatology #causes
Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA)
ANA or Anti-NucIear Antibody refers to antibodies against antigens in the nucleus → like
likely it will be clinically ... Lymphoproliferative Disorders, Infection ... Primary Biliary Cirrhosis ... , Interstitial Pulmonary ... #diagnosis #differential
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infections 

Mycobacterial species other than those belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and
status NTM Cause ... Hematologic malignancy ... Disease: Clinical ... #differential # ... diagnosis #infectiousdiseases
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE)
Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
requires special media ... antimicrobials, clinical ... but important causes ... Diseases Fellows ... #differential #
Sjogren's Syndrome Overview

Epidemiology:
• F > M: 9:1
• 5-6th Decades (can be any age)

Autoimmune exocrinopathy multisystemic disease
ab • RF • Antinuclear ... Hypocomplementemia • Can cause ... gland) biopsy • Histo ... salivary ducts Clinical ... primary biliary cirrhosis
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
Caused by intrapulmonary ... shunt (Type 2) Clinical ... with or without cirrhosis ... no established medical ... #treatment #hepatology
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
progressing GN • New pulmonary ... tract, and often causes ... to exclude are infections ... #diagnosis #rheumatology ... #classification
Cryofibrinogenemia Summary

Cryofibrinogenemia Epidemiology:
 • 40-70 years with a modest female predominance

Cryofibrinogenemia:
 • The precipitation of a
Malignancy • Infections ... thrombophlebitis, pulmonary ... cryoglobulins • Negative causes ... Antiphospholipid syndrome ... hematology
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Illness Script
HPS is a pulmonary disorder of chronic liver disease characterized by a
arteriovenous shunting causes ... of orthodeoxia CLINICAL ... • No effective medical ... #cirrhosis #diagnosis ... #hepatology
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
presentations and disease ... history - conduct ... output - Acute pulmonary ... - Compartment syndrome ... #Diagnosis #causes