15 results
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
mimics complete • Central ... #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #msk #orthopedics ... #neurology
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
syndrome, history ... • Meningeal signs ... Systemic symptoms and signs ... brain lesion • CNS ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #neurology
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Causes: • Large ... disc herniation (central ... lumbar spine Signs ... #MSK #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #symptoms #signs
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
source; oral, enteral ... - anemia - CNS ... Constipation - MSK ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Supracondylar Elbow Fracture
• Most common elbow fracture in children, peak age 5-7 
• When looking at
anterior sail sign ... can't make A-OK sign ... brachial artery injury ... ), compartment syndrome ... #Orthopedics #MSK
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
hypertension and signs ... heart failure, neurologic ... or acute kidney injury ... renal bruit or signs ... Neurologic disorders
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Causes of Peripheral ... more often in older ... (Wallenberg's syndrome ... Syndrome usually ... signs or symptoms
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
(idiopathic), CNS ... floor muscle and ligament ... SUI or UUI not caused ... Incontinence #Mixed #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Primary (Idiopathic): Unknown etiology, but associated
Prolonged shoulder injury ... a stroke that caused ... FrozenShoulder #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #symptoms #signs ... stages #staging #msk
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... symptoms are not caused ... General: fever, ... anterior/posterior MSK ... Diagnosis #Management #Signs