12 results
Non-cirrhotic Hyperammonemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hematologic & Vascular:
 • Multiple myeloma & Acute leukemia (plasma cells
Non-cirrhotic Hyperammonemia ... Defects • OTC deficiency ... (XLR) • Deficiency ... ASanchez_PS #Hyperammonemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Encephalopathy after Gastric Bypass - Differential Diagnosis
Late Dumping Syndrome
Nesidioblastosis
Noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia syndrome
D-Lactic Acidosis
Thiamine Deficiency
B-12 Deficiency
Copper Deficiency
Niacin
after Gastric Bypass ... B-12 Deficiency ... Copper Deficiency ... Hyperammonemic ... Encephalopathy #Gastric #Bypass
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
Framework and Clinical Manifestations ... TPN - Gastric bypass ... Malnutrition - Gastric bypass ... #Manifestations ... beriberi #nutrition #pathophysiology
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
hepatic causes of hyperammonemia ... Primary carnitine deficiency ... #Ammonia #Pathophysiology ... #Hyperammonemia
Gaucher Disease 

Pathophsiology
 • Lysosomal storage disorder
 • Deficiency of ß-glucocerebrosidase
• Accumulation of glucosylceramide in macrophages
Diagnosis
Gaucher Disease Pathophsiology ... storage disorder • Deficiency ... gene Clinical Manifestations
Hypothyroid Myopathy
Very common (up to 80% ) in patients with hypothyroidism
Pathophysiology:
 • T4 deficiency leads to
hypothyroidism Pathophysiology ... : • T4 deficiency ... Spectrum of Clinical Manifestations ... Hypothyroid #Myopathy #pathophysiology
Xeropthalmia: Pathogenesis and Ocular Manifestations

Decr Visual pigment -> Keratinization, thickening & non-wetting of the conjunctiva
Pathogenesis and Ocular Manifestations ... with vitamin A deficiency ... #Xeropthalmia #pathophysiology
Copper Deficiency - Mechanisms
There are 2 main mechanisms of copper deficiency
Decreased intake from:
 - Gastric bypass,
Copper Deficiency ... mechanisms of copper deficiency ... from: - Gastric bypass ... UTSWIMchief #Copper #Deficiency ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... Jaundice (later manifestation ... cholangitis #diagnosis #workup
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Pathophysiology: Triggering factor (infection,...)→Activation of CD8 T cells (IFN-y) → Excessive activation of macrophages
Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) Pathophysiology ... Cellular immune deficiency ... life-threatening manifestations