9 results
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... : • Pathophysiology ... TLS #diagnosis #management
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... Hirsutism & acne • Infertility ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology ... #genetics #endocrinology
Treatment algorithm for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia.
Hypercalcemia
 - Renal Failure → Dialysis with low Ca++ bath
Aggressive IV hydration
Bisphosphonate +/- Calcitonin ... Refractory Cases ... : Gallium nitrate ... Treatment #algorithm #management ... #endocrinology
Causes of Hypocalcemia by Clinical Cause

Acute illness: pancreatitis, tumor lysis, severe illness - Secondary hyperparathyroidism from
low circulating calcium ... hypocalcemia - Genetic ... defects in calcium-sensing ... Malabsorption syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
Diagnosis and Management ... iniury, Compartment syndrome ... Dermatomyositis) AKI - Pathophysiology ... potassium and calcium ... #Summary #causes
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Diagnosis and Management ... survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... fibrosis. 4) Calcium ... • Heerfordt syndrome ... Sarcoidosis #Diagnosis #Management
Acromegaly - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook 

Clinical Presentation: 
 • Classic Acromegaly: frontal
malignancy Pathophysiology ... phenytoin, minoxidil), genetic ... Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome ... or refractory cases ... #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis
Decreased calcium absorption
 • Vitamin D deficiency
    -
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... Diagnosis Decreased calcium ... Malabsorption Syndromes ... Hypoparathyroidism - Genetic ... #endocrinology
Bulimia Nervosa: Complications
GASTROINTESTINAL
 • Dehydration & inability to digest food -> Constipation
 • Recurrent vomiting exposes
• Boerhaave syndrome ... > Amenorrhea & Infertility ... Calcium, VitD) and ... hormone levels cause ... Complications #pathophysiology