9 results
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
Differential Diagnosis ... Evaluation of Hyponatremia ... symptoms (HA, nausea ... status (edema, JVD ... #Algorithm #Ddxof
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis ... Algorithm UOsm ... polydipsia, Low ... #diagnosis #differential ... #algorithm #causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low intake ... anions • Renal tubular ... #Causes #Classification
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Ureterosigmoidostomy Urinary ... excess - Renal tubular ... #Diagnosis #Low ... Potassium #Table #Classification ... #Causes
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Insufficiency Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Weakness, fatigue, nausea ... , hypotension, hyponatremia ... baseline ACTH - Primary
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Urinary Chloride ... - Normal/low ... diarrhea, Kidney tubular ... #causes #urinary
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
inhibitors - Primary ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Low ... Magnesium #Table #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary ... Chloride Algorithm ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... the indicated causes ... #nephrology #differential
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... #Hyperkalemia #Differential ... High #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes