2 results
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
) Clinical Presentation ... lack lung rales ... epicardial coronary artery ... endomyocardial biopsy ... heartfailure #diagnosis #management
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
Change in clinical ... risk (>5%): - Aortic ... unless prior heart/lung ... undergoing AAA or upper abdominal ... medical and surgical management