3 results
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
: weight gain, lung ... HFrEF may lack lung ... Chest x-ray: signs ... epicardial coronary artery ... endomyocardial biopsy
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
murmur 3/6) - Pulmonary ... risk (>5%): - Aortic ... unless prior heart/lung ... undergoing AAA or upper abdominal ... stratification #diagnosis
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
< 30 years • Aorta ... Arteritis): • Aorta ... Superficial temporal artery ... disturbance • Temp. artery ... ESR > 50mm/hr • Biopsy