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diagnosis fungal differential infections infectiousdiseases management neurology betadglucan galactomannan laboratory aids arthritis biomarkers biostatistics comparison disease encephalitis epidemiology falsepositives formulas
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections: •
should be based on clinical ... effect/Edema • EBV ... of serum CrAg testing ... comparable to CSF testing ... in HIV: • CNS
Invasive Aspergillus (IA) - Diagnosis and Management Aspergillus is ubiquitous in nature. Most invasive infections are caused
SOT, Advanced HIV ... /AIDS, CGD) Clinical ... Rhinosinusitis, CNS ... Diagnosis and Testing ... and low specificity
Fungal Biomarkers: Beta-D-Glucan and Aspergillus Galactomannan Beta-D-Glucan: • Polysaccharide cell wall component of many fungi • Pathogens:
dermatidis • Sensitivity ... & Specificity: ... cut-offs defined in clinical ... & Specificity ... Frozen ice-pops (in setting
1,3-Beta-D-Glucan and Galactomannan Testing Sensitivity Specificity and False Positives 1,3-Beta-D-Glucan • Cell wall component of many fungi
Galactomannan Testing ... Sensitivity Specificity ... 96% • Higher specificity ... positives: IVIG, IV ... >90% (In most clinical
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework Viral Encephalitis: MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
CNS Infections - ... virus • CMV • EBV ... • Common clinical ... and specificity ... and specificity
USMLE Epidemiology and Biostatistics Summary Meta-Analysis: pools data from several studies (greater power), limited by quality/bias of
individual studies Clinical ... Sensitivity (rule ... Specificity (rule ... alters recall Late-look ... Biostatistics #formulas #calculations
Rheumatology Workup - Laboratories Studies in Rheumatic Diseases • Septic arthritis - Gram stain and culture of
sedimentation rate ... has higher specificity ... test but lower sensitivity ... Additional tests: HIV ... ANA and RF (if clinical
Transverse Myelitis Overview Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
monophasic Pathophysiology ... that results in CNS ... Transverse Myelitis - Clinical ... Hyperreflexia develops later ... simplex virus, HIV
Mycoses HISTOPLASMOSIS • Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body • Bird
antigen assay has a sensitivity ... and specificity ... Urinary antigen testing ... ASPERGILLOSIS • Aspergillus ... Aspergillosis Pathophysiology
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