8 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Vomiting, NGT suction ... (late) • High ... Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... Bartter Syndrome, Gitelman ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
loop or thiazide diuretics ... diuretic use, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Vomiting, NGT suction ... (late) • High ... Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... Bartter Syndrome, Gitelman ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... RENAL LOSS: - Diuresis ... - Bartter - Gitelman ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential ... vomiting/ nasogastric suction ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
with thiazide diuretic ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Surreptitious diuretic ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Generalized distal nephron ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... loads (ammonium chloride ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Vomiting, NGT suction ... (late) • High ... Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... Bartter Syndrome, Gitelman ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology