16 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... intake, Diuretics (late ... ) • High Urine ... PRA: Renal artery ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... intake, Diuretics (late ... ) • High Urine ... PRA: Renal artery ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... 0.8 Normal + High ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... bloodgas #Acid #Base
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Diarrhea • RENAL ... decarboxylation/gas ... transport, renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Glucose, Acute resp. alkalosis ... FEPO4 ≥ 5% - Renal ... • Normal or High ... Denosumab, Estrogen based ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... poisoning Normal acid-base ... to diarrhea, a high ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... intake, Diuretics (late ... ) • High Urine ... PRA: Renal artery ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
complications such as ... suggests extra-renal ... urinary losses: • High ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Elevated Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

LDH is a cytoplasmic enzyme present in tissues throughout
• Present in high ... the serum that has ... Pneumocystis pneumonia (late ... > 1.5) with a sensitivity ... Muscle: • Rhabdomyolysis
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
• Hypokalemia (renal ... , Renal tubular ... • Seizures • Rhabdomyolysis ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology