51 results
Bell's palsy
There are many different causes of Facial Nerve Palsy. However, the commonest
cause of unilateral facial
Bell's palsy There ... many different causes ... the commonest cause ... #Palsy #Neurology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Bell's Palsy
Bell’s Palsy is a damage, acute weakness, or paralysis of the Facial nerve (7th CN),
Bell's Palsy Bell ... an identifiable cause ... The cause is unknown ... #Palsy #neurology ... #anatomy #pathophysiology
Bell's Phenomenon on Physical Exam

Carles Bell realized that when trying to close the eye on the
Bell's Phenomenon ... Physical Exam Carles ... Bell realized that ... #Phenomenon #Sign ... ophthalmology #neurology
Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis: Pathogenesis and investigations
Risk Factors:
 - Unclear environmental triggers (may be viral, not
yrs old; F>M Signs ... Anemia - Giant cells ... Temporal #Arteritis #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms #Vasculitis
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
Viral replication causes ... vascular endothelial cells ... PolyarteritisNodosa #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms #Vasculitis
IgA Vasculitis – Henoch Scholein Purpura: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 - Infectious Agents - 50% have
IgA Vasculitis – ... various inflammatory cells ... periumbilical region), nausea ... HenochScholeinPurpura #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
• Langerhan cells ... hair follicles -> causes ... Livedo Reticularis, Vasculitis ... Manifestations #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
hematuria • Signs ... Diagnostic of GN or vasculitis ... disease Renal Causes ... and SMA - Can cause ... #urology #nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
intoxication Cause ... - Gitelman SIGNS ... smooth muscle cells ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
osmolarity If cause ... clinical context and signs ... Glomerulonephritis / Vasculits ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes