60 results
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic ... anhydrase inhibitors, loop ... syndrome (mimics loop ... #Causes #differential
Diuretic Electrolyte Excretion Effects 
Diuresis, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, HCO3-, Uric Acid
 - Thiazide Type
Diuretic Electrolyte ... Excretion Effects Diuresis ... Thiazide Type - Loop ... Anhydrase Inhibitor #diuretics ... pharmacology #comparison #table
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Medications - Loop ... Hypercalcemia - Hypokalemia ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... , Loop diuretics ... Postobstructive diuresis ... Hypernatremia #Classification ... Diagnosis #Comparison #Table
Diuretics - summary table
Thiazides and Related Diuretics: HCTZ, Chlorthalidone, Metolazone, Indapamide, Bendroflumethiazide 
Loop Diuretics: Furosemide, Ethacrynic
Diuretics - summary ... table Thiazides ... Bendroflumethiazide Loop ... #loop #pharmacology ... #table #thiazide
Flowchart to diuretic use in acute heart failure.

(A) Congestion with volume overload. 

(B) Treatment algorithm after
(B) Treatment algorithm ... Total loop diuretic ... maximal dose for IV loop ... following a single loop ... #CHF #Algorithm
Pharmacology of diuretics

Acetazolamide, Loop diuretics, Thiazide‐like diuretics, MRA, Amiloride

Site of Action, Maximum Dose, Half-Life, Onset, Bioavailability,
Pharmacology of diuretics ... Acetazolamide, Loop ... diuretics, MRA, ... Pharmacology #Comparison #Table ... HalfLife #Dosing #Loop
Loop diuretic PO --> IV conversions 

Furosemide 40 mg PO = Furosemide 20 mg IV =
Loop diuretic PO ... Pharmacology #Cardiology #Loop ... #Diuretics #Equivalent ... Dose #Conversion #Table
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Urinary Losses - Diuretics ... Low #Potassium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypomagnesemia • Osmotic diuresis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Classification