52 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hydronephrosis • Malignant ... Stricture • Malignancy ... vein between aorta ... Hematuria: • Malignancy ... Urolithiasis • Malignancy
Causes of Low Back Pain - Differential Diagnosis
Intrinsic Spine: Lumbar strain, Herniated nucleus pulposus, Compression fracture,
tissue disease, Malignancy ... Referred: • Vascular ... - abdominal aortic ... cholecystitis; • Neurologic ... Retroperitoneal - renal
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis
Renal:
 - Glomerular - IgA Nephropathy, Thin basement membrane, Alport syndrome,
Differential Diagnosis Renal ... membrane, Alport syndrome ... - Physical - Malignancy ... fistula Ureter - Malignancy ... Schistomiasis, Malignancy
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... for renal biopsy ... Risk factors for malignancy ... if cause not identified ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Workup
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... High Aldosterone: Malignant ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Causes of Encephalopathy - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hyperacute:
 - Primary Neurologic: Vascular (IS, ICH), Seizure, Migraine, Trauma
Causes of Encephalopathy ... : Vascular (IS, ... paraneoplastic syndromes ... Endocrinopathy, Malignancy ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... pathology • Malignancy ... GI losses • Renal
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... pathology • Malignancy ... GI losses • Renal
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... hypokalemia • Renal ... Hyperaldosteronism: malignant ... #nephrology #potassium
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... Malignant or accelerated ... 109 mm Hg) with clinical ... Causes: • Vascular ... Coarctation of aorta