2025 results
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Turbid White Urine (Albinuria):
 • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
Causes Abnormal Urine ... Diagnosis Turbid White Urine ... * Green Urine: ... : • Purple Urine ... clover) Orange Urine
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Gap - UAG and Urine ... gap - UA with urine ... Gap - Estimate urine ... (+) NH4 in the urine ... - Renal • Urine
Abnormally Colored Urine - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Red:
 - Hematuria, Hemoglobinuria, Myoglobinuria
 - Beets, Rhubarb, Blackberries, Artificial
Abnormally Colored Urine ... Purple: - Purple urine ... Ann Marie Kumfer ... AnnKumfer #Colored #Urine
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Risk Factors for Hypercapnea? (Hx of COPD, OSA, sedative use, CNS/muscular disorders?)
(+)
Metabolic Alkalosis Urine ... CI < 20 (Saline ... Volume Contraction Urine ... Cl > 20 (Saline
Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Red Urine:
 • Medical conditions: bleeding, porphyria, factitious disorder
 • Meds: rifampin,
Urine Color - Differential ... Diagnosis Red Urine ... spinach) Orange Urine ... red or orange urine ... ) Purple Urine:
Urine Microscopy Guide

#Diagnosis #Path #Nephrology #Urine #Microscopy #Chart #Guide #atlas
Urine Microscopy ... Path #Nephrology #Urine
Increased Urination - Differential Diagnosis Framework - Increased Volume / Frequency
 • Increased osmotic load (Increased
load (Increased urine ... to concentrate urine ... (usually low urine ... Increased intake (low urine ... Ann Marie Kumfer
Urine Microscopy Crystals
Uric Acid crystals:
 - Formation promoted by acidic urine
 - Seen in tumor lysis
Urine Microscopy ... promoted by acidic urine ... promoted by alkaline urine ... independent of urine ... independent of urine
Urine Osmolar Gap Calculation

Urine Osmolar Gap represents ammonium salts = Measured Urine Osmolality - (2 x
Urine Osmolar Gap ... Calculation Urine ... salts = Measured Urine ... + Urea/2.8) Urine ... > RTA 1 and 4 Urine
Glitter Cells on Urine Microscopy
Glitter cells in the urine are viable and pale staining WBCs with
Glitter Cells on Urine ... Glitter cells in the urine ... occurs in hypotonic urine ... Glitter #Cells #Urine