14 results
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Pathogenesis and clinical ... damaged BRB appears as ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
Diagnosis Algorithm Clinical ... • Neurologic symptoms ... suggest a mass as ... depress when looking medially ... #Ophthalmology
Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize
 • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
Tetanus Toxin -> Spores ... metabolites induce injury ... that persists as ... tachypnea, otitis media ... peds #pediatrics #pathophysiology
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
extrapulmonary cases ... Clinical Signs ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis: - MRI ... should be done in ALL
Mastoiditis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Acute or Chronic Otitis Media -> 
Stage 1: Hyperemeia of the mastoid
Pathogenesis and clinical ... mastoid cavity as ... bone): facial nerve ... #Mastoiditis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Epidemiology: • 1-2 cases ... Guillain-Barre Pathophysiology ... Guillain-Barre Clinical ... • Weakness: Starts ... axonal form • MRI
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
lateral sclerosis Pathophysiology ... fasciculations Common Symptoms ... failure Diagnosis - Medical ... MRI: Brain, cervical ... activity between nerve
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
Acute autoimmune demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: 1
Incidence: 1 to 2 cases ... than one after symptom ... the underlying pathophysiology ... or axonal • MRI ... - Spinal MRI may
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
should be based on clinical ... headache, altered mental ... Imaging: - MRI ... Demyelinating disease caused ... of the abducens nerve
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
monophasic Pathophysiology ... Transverse Myelitis - Clinical ... Presentation: Injury ... • Infectious causes ... brain and/or optic nerve