21 results
Peripheral and Central Causes of Vertigo
Peripheral Causes (Common):
 - Labyrinth: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Méniére disease,
Central Causes of Vertigo ... Uncommon): - Vascular ... Wallenberg syndrome ... hemorrhage - Non-vascular ... differential #diagnosis #neurology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine sediment Microscopic ... pain + gross or microscopic ... hematuria • Signs ... - Can cause microscopic ... causes #urology #nephrology
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
of Dizziness - Vertigo ... Algorithm True Vertigo ... neurologic symptoms/signs ... Glomus Tumors - Vascular ... #Neurology #Differential
Parinaud's Syndrome
What?
 - Impaired upgaze
 - Light-near dissociation
 - Convergence retraction nystagmus
 - Eyelid retraction (Collier's
Parinaud's Syndrome ... retraction (Collier's sign ... → "setting sun sign ... " - Vascular disease ... diagnosis #pineal #neurology
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Vascular disorders ... (Wallenberg's syndrome ... Syndrome usually ... varying neurologic signs ... differential #diagnosis #neurology
Characteristics of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
 • Onset: Sudden
 • Intensity: Severe initially, often decreasing
Peripheral and Central Vertigo ... PERIPHERAL VERTIGO ... or minutes with vascular ... diagnosis #findings #signs ... symptoms #comparison #neurology
Parinaud's syndrome
What?
 • Light-near dissociation (tectal pupils)
 • Convergence retraction nystagmus
 • Eyelid retraction (Collier's sign)
Parinaud's syndrome ... retraction (Collier's sign ... "setting sun" sign ... • Vascular disease ... #neurology #diagnosis
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome ... Pulmonary Renal Syndromes ... polyangiitis, Microscopic ... Infection, Alport Syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hemoptysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Massive Hemoptysis (>I00 mL in 24 hours)
 • Malignancy
 •
Goodpasture's Syndrome ... polyangiitis / microscopic ... polyangiitis Vascular
Summary of characteristic abnormalities of selected glomerular diseases
Light Microscopy (LM) - Immunofluorescence Microscopy (IM) - Electron
diseases Light Microscopy ... Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome ... Nephrotic syndrome ... polyangiitis • Microscopic ... glomerular #diseases #nephrology