5 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
, a high urine chloride ... Urine chloride is ... of sodium and potassium ... #urine #Algorithm ... #nephrology #differential
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... #differential # ... potassium #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Alkalosis: Differential ... diarrhea (congenital ... acute reversal of chronic ... other • Severe potassium ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Chloride Intoxication ... Loss of HCO3 - Diarrhea ... Surgical drains - Chronic ... NonAnionGap #Acidosis #Metabolic ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Hypocalciuria (spot ... urine, calcium-creatinine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... diarrhea Potential ... #management #pathophysiology