Nephrocalcinosis causes nephron

Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step 2: Does the patient have glomerular hematuria (RBC casts or dysmorphic RBCs in urine)? #Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology #Diagnosis

Nephritic nephrotic algorithm. #kidney #Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology #Diagnosis

Nephrotic Syndrome - Primary vs Secodary - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm #Nephrotic #Syndrome #Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm #Primary #Secondary #Nephrology #Causes

Nephrotic Syndrome - Classification - Podocytopathies - Immunocomplex Deposits - Other substances Deposits #Nephrotic #Syndrome #Classification #Differential #Diagnosis #Nephrology #Algorithm

Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes Nephritic syndrome: - Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis - Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis - Berger disease (IgA glomerulonephropathy) - Alport syndrome Nephrotic syndrome: - Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis - Membranous nephropathy - Minimal change disease - Amyloidosis - Diabetic glomerulonephropathy Both - Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis - Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis #Glomerular #Diseases #Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndromes #Classification #Nephrology #Diagnosis ** GrepMed Recommended Text: Nephrology Secrets - https://amzn.to/2Z74DhY

Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome == Nephrotic Syndrome == Onset - Insidious Edema - ++++ Blood pressure - Normal Jugular venous pressure - Normal/low Proteinuria - ++++ Hematuria - May/may not occur Red blood cell casts - Absent Serum albumin - Low == Nephritic Syndrome == Onset - Abrupt Edema - ++ Blood pressure - Raised Jugular venous pressure - Raised Proteinuria - ++ Hematuria - +++ Red blood cell casts - Present Serum albumin - Normal/slightly reduced Dr. Edgar V. Lerma @edgarvlermamd - Nephrology Secrets https://amzn.to/34t5DgJ #Nephrotic #Syndrome #Nephritic #Comparison #Table #Nephrology #Diagnosis

Nephrotic vs Nephritic syndromes - Spectrum of Glomerular Diseases #Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndromes #Spectrum #Classification #Glomerular #Diseases #Nephrology #Diagnosis ** GrepMed Recommended Text: Davidson's Essentials of Medicine - https://amzn.to/3byD97p

Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine. oliguria. hematuria. RBC casts in urine. Proteinuria often in the subnephrotic range (< 3.5 g/day) but in severe cases may be in nephrotic range. Nephrotic yndrome—podocyte disruption —+ charge barrier impaired. Massive proteinuria (> 3.5 g/day) with hypoalbuminemia. hyperlipidemia edema. May be 10 (eg direct podocyte damage) or 20 (podocyte damage from systemic process leg. diabetes)) #Glomerular #Diseases #Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndromes #Classification #Proteinuria #Nephrology #Diagnosis

Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria. Spot PC (protein/creatinine ratio) is not recommended for this purpose because it is unreliable in individual patients 166, 85, 87—891. Measuring albuminuria is useful in monitoring low-level glomerular proteinuria. However, once the total proteinuria exceeds 500 mg/day, albuminuria is about 60—80% of the total proteinuria. So, proteinuria provides the same information as albuminuria, and is less expensive Serum albumin - Assess severity of the disruption of the GFB, and whether protein nutrition and hepatic albumin synthesis are adequate. LDH - Assess for hemolysis, or damage to muscles or viscera. Reticulocyte count/platelet count - Assess for increased or decreased red cell production. Assess for thrombotic microangiopathy. SPEP+free light chains - Screen for monoclonal gammopathy (SPEP+ free light chains), or hypogammaglobulinemia, hypergammaglobulinemia (SPEP). Serum or urine for immunofixation is not recommended for routine screening because it is much more expensive than SPEP+free light chains, which are sensitive and specific for detection of monoclonal gammopathy [901. C3, C4 - Test for disorders that activate the classical or alternative complement pathways. Hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C antibody, and HIV (if risk factors for HIV are present) - These infections are common causes of glomerular disease. ANA - Screen for autoimmune disorders. ANCA - Screen for ANCA-related vasculitis. Rheumatoid factor - Screen for cryoglobulinemias (types 2 and 3), and certain autoimmune disorders #glomerular #testing #workup #diagnosis #glomerulonephritis #nephrotic #nephritic #nephrology