17 results
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
ABG And BMP Normal ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... GBS, Myasthenia gravis ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... #ABG #bloodgas
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... (late) • High Urine ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the indicated causes ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... volume contracted: urine ... volume expanded: urine ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Possible Causes of Altered Urine Color 

Red 
    Foods: beets, blackberries, rhubarb
Possible Causes ... of Altered Urine ... Purple (Purple Urine ... #Altered #Urine ... Differential #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Turbid White Urine (Albinuria):
 • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
Causes Abnormal ... (blue diaper syndrome ... Bag Syndrome - ... UTI caused by (Proteus ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Localizing Extraocular Movement Disorders
 • CN Ill (Oculomotor) Nerve Palsy 
 • CN IV (Trochlear) Nerve
One-and-a-half Syndrome ... Skew Deviation Casey ... #Localization #ophthalmology ... #neurology #differential ... #diagnosis #ocular
Ptosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Ptosis (Greek- to fall) Drooping of the upper eyelid that usually results
Myasthenia gravis ... Neurogenic Ptosis - Neurologic ... • Myasthenia gravis ... #Ptosis #neurology ... Differential #Diagnosis #ophthalmology
Myasthenia Gravis Overview

Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune disorder of the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction.  Ab to
Ab to AChR blocks ... Ocular- 50%: Ptosis ... muscles: “myasthenic crises ... Myasthenia Crises ... diagnosis #management #neurology