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diagnosis differential causes neurology management epilepticus sodium acidosis classification elevation encephalopathy hypernatremia lactate lactic pediatrics peds posterior pres reversible rhabdomyolysis
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Unprovoked - Epilepsy: • Focal: Simple, Complex • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... Toxic: Alcohol, Medication ... , Recreational drugs ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Algorithm Hypertonic ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... > 30): SIADH, Medications ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #sodium #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... mechanism 2) Volume Status ... • Euvolemic (Low ... , Cushing syndrome ... #nephrology #sodium
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
Altered mental status ... Altered mental status ... Electrolyte abnormality, Medication ... /Drug toxicity, ... diagnosis #management #neurology
Management of Convulsive Status Epilepticus in children Stabilization Phase (Seizure 0-5 minutes): • Check and maintain ABC
• Give high flow ... Antiepileptic Drug ... Alternative medications ... #Management #neurology ... pediatrics #peds #algorithm
Causes of Status Epilepticus in Adults METABOLIC DISTURBANCES Hepatic encephalopathy Hypocalcemia Hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia Hyponatremia Uremia INFECTIOUS PROCESSES Central nervous system abscess Encephalitis Meningitis WITHDRAWAL SYNDROMES Alcohol Antiepileptic drugs Baclofen Barbiturates Benzodiazepines CENTRAL
Causes of Status ... hyperglycemia Hyponatremia ... Meningitis WITHDRAWAL SYNDROMES ... Antiepileptic drugs ... #Epilepticus #Seizures
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
exertion/training - Seizures ... - Toxins - Drugs ... - Statins - ETOH ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
presentations and disease states ... , seizures, malignancy ... LV failure - Low ... - Compartment syndrome ... - HIV/HAART medications
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