2318 results
Lactulose: Mechanism of Action in Hepatic Encephalopathy
Lactulose → ↑ Lactic Acid, Acetic Acid → ↓ pH
Acid → ↓ pH → ↓ NH3 ... absorption), ↑ NH4
Urine Anion Gap in NAGMA
NA + K - Cl = surrogate for Urine NH4+
NH4+ is excreted
surrogate for Urine NH4 ... + NH4+ is excreted ... POSITIVE when urinary NH4 ... NAGMA #diagnosis #differential
Congestive Heart Failure - Causes, Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
 • Dilated Cardiomyopathy 
 • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Pathophysiology and Differential ... Pathophysiology #Differential ... #HFrEF #HFpEF #CHF
CHF - Left-Sided Heart Failure - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Valvular Disease (Preserved Diastolic/Systolic Function)
 • Mitral Stenosis
CHF - Left-Sided ... Heart Failure - Differential ... Constriction #CHF ... HeartFailure #Cardiology #Differential
Mechanism of malignancy-associated hypercalcemia. Abbreviations: 1,25(OH)2D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; PTH, parathyroid hormone; PTHrP, PTH-related
dihydroxyvitamin D; NHL ... Mechanism #Frequency #Differential
Ascites Differential Diagnosis Table - Serum Ascites Albumin Gradient (SAAG)

SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 • Cirrhosis
 • Portal
Ascites Differential ... budd-chiari • CHF ... MatthewHoMD #Ascites #Differential
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, Differential ... hypernatremia - CHF ... Classification #Differential
Causes of Acute Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiovascular
 • Myocardial Infarction*
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • CHF
Pleural
Acute Dyspnea - Differential ... Tamponade* • CHF ... #Dyspnea #SOB #Differential
Sinus Tachycardia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Autonomic System:
 • Excess Stimulation: Nicotine, Caffeine, Sympathomimetics, Anticholinergics
 • Withdrawal:
Tachycardia - Differential ... Cardiogenic: ACS, CHF ... #Tachycardia #Differential
Chronic Cough - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red Flags:
 • Fever, night sweats, chills (infection)
 • Weight loss,
Chronic Cough - Differential ... lung disease or CHF ... Chronic #Cough #Differential