11 results
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Acid → renal salt wasting ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low #uricacid
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Insufficiency Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... hyponatremia, hyperkalemia ... , hypoglycemia Testing ... ACTH) stimulation test
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Hypertension - Differential ... Diagnosis and Screening ... Testing Common ... (correction of hypokalemia ... Oral sodium loading
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
ON (UNa < 30): Hypovolemia ... Cerebral salt wasting ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... Hyponatremia #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
consumption • Low ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... #differential # ... potassium #nephrology ... #low
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Cerebral Salt Wasting ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology ... #sodium #low
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic ... urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low ... confirmed via genetic testing ... #diagnosis #differential ... #algorithm #nephrology
Giant cell arteritis (GCA)

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) definition: Most common systemic inflammatory vasculitis in older adults
with systemic, neurologic ... Involves large and medium ... very remarkable w/differential ... the “Chewing gum test ... followed by long slow