36 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... )-alkali syndrome ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Lithium use • Calcium-sensing ... • Milk-alkali syndrome ... #Hypercalcemia ... #Causes #endocrinology
Causes of Hypocalcemia by Clinical Cause

Acute illness: pancreatitis, tumor lysis, severe illness - Secondary hyperparathyroidism from
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... by Clinical Cause ... low circulating calcium ... Malabsorption syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... Dehydration • Symptoms ... changes, stroke symptoms ... : • Pathophysiology
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
Hypercalcemia Evaluation ... 1) Clinical clues ... BrighamChiefs #Hypercalcemia ... differential #diagnosis #endocrinology ... #calcium #elevated
The Chvostek sign (/ˈkvɒstɪk/) is a clinical sign of existing nerve hyperexcitability (tetany) seen in hypocalcemia.It
ˈkvɒstɪk/) is a clinical ... hyperventilation, which causes ... with a normal calcium ... PhysicalExam #Video #Clinical ... #endocrinology
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

 • Paresthesia of 5th and medial half of 4th
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome ... Pathogenesis and clinical ... findings • Paresthesia ... #Diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Causes: • Large ... spine Signs / Symptoms ... Incontinence • Saddle Anesthesia ... #MSK #pathophysiology
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
Pathogenesis and clinical ... • Other rare causes ... Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms ... #endocrinology
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... fibrosis. 4) Calcium ... hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia ... renal failure Clinical ... : (distinct symptoms