12 results
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
/ Symptoms / Complications ... seizure, primitive reflexes ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology ... #geriatrics #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Brudzinski’s Sign in Meningitis (first described in 19th century by Dr. Josef Brudzinski)

Brudzinski's sign is characterized
Passive neck flexion causes ... While the pathophysiology ... an involuntary reflex ... Video by Dr. ... #PhysicalExam #Pediatrics
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... / Symptoms / Complications ... of normal leg reflexes ... Syndrome #MSK #pathophysiology ... #signs
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology ... #genetics #endocrinology ... #peds #pediatrics
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
extrapulmonary cases ... Clinical Signs ... years - May have signs ... numbness, decreased reflexes ... Pathophysiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... diffuse light reflex ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
out of cells may cause ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... Abdominal pain, nausea ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
For pituitary masses ... Signs / Symptoms ... / Complications ... #SideEffects #endocrinology ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
lateral sclerosis Pathophysiology ... - Causes progressive ... Increased Jaw Jerk reflex ... fasciculations Common Symptoms ... neurology #diagnosis #management
Pheochromocytoma - Diagnosis and Management Summary
10 percent rule = 10% of pheochromocytomas are extra-adrenal, multiple, bilateral,
bilateral, malignant, pediatric ... cases, not associated ... and Signs: 50% ... and signs: • ... hypotension (may reflect