32 results
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
) Elevation - Differential ... Most common symptoms ... disease - Bone symptoms ... - Drugs - Primary ... #Elevation #Differential
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
of Pregnancy (AFLP ... ) Pathophysiology ... postpartum): • Initial symptoms ... infiltration) Differential ... #pathophysiology
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Comparison: • Primary ... Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Primary Hyperthyroidism ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Pretibial myxedema #Primary ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Meralgia paresthetica: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Compression/injury of Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (LFCN) -> Meralgia paresthetica
 •
paresthetica • Symptoms ... 3-6 months of symptom ... MeralgiaParesthetica #MSK ... #pathophysiology ... #differential #
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
in 1923 Low ALP ... 1948 by Rathbun ALP ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... mineralization Symptoms ... • Elevation of urinary
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary ... 65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... PBC Signs and Symptoms ... obstruction • ALP ... bile ducts Differential
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
spine Signs / Symptoms ... reflexes) • Urinary ... CaudaEquina #Syndrome #MSK ... #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Bladder retention -> Primarily ... hemicord lesion -> Primarily ... Syndromes #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #msk #orthopedics
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
Clinical Signs/Symptoms ... frequency, urinary ... Pathophysiology: ... also important Management ... Cystitis #diagnosis #management