126 results
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal ... • Hypokalemia (renal ... Sjögren syndrome, Renal ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
Acid-Base Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

 • Respiratory Acidosis
 • Respiratory Alkalosis
 • Metabolic Acidosis
 •
• Respiratory Alkalosis ... • Metabolic Acidosis ... • Metabolic Alkalosis ... Base #Disorders #nephrology ... #respiratory #metabolic
Metabolic and Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis - Diagnostic Algorithm

Anion gap - MUDPILES: 
 - Methanol (formic
Metabolic and Respiratory ... Acidosis and Alkalosis ... Addison disease - Renal ... #Respiratory #Metabolic ... Recommended Text: Nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... aldosteronism #Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Periodic paralysis Alkalosis ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Renal artery stenosis ... Causes #Workup #Nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Formulas for appropriate metabolic and respiratory compensation

- Dr Amith Sreedharan - Consultant
for appropriate metabolic ... #Respiratory #Metabolic ... #Acidosis #Alkalosis ... Winters #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
alkalosis ↓ ↑ ... salicylates) R Renal ... - Diarrhea - Renal ... acidosis/Chronic renal ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Approach to Acid Base Disorders - Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
1) Start with the Anion Gap (AG).
2)
more acidotic or alkalotic ... Ketoacidosis, Renal ... loss of bicarb, Renal ... Alkalosis: GI loss ... of H+, Renal loss
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
High Anion Gap Metabolic ... during hypoxic metabolism ... ketoacidosis Renal ... acids in advanced renal ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology