10 results
Kussmaul Breathing Pattern

Demonstration of Kussmaul breathing pattern seen here in Diabetic Ketoacidosis.  Initial pH was
Kussmaul Breathing ... Kussmaul breathing ... associated with severe metabolic ... Pattern #Pulmonary #Sign ... #PhysicalExam #
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
To prevent hypokalemia ... Due to neuronal metabolism ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... respiration (deep, fast breathing ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
, anxiety, and metabolic ... due to metabolic ... punctuated by frequent sighs ... Occasional sighs ... Abnormal #Diagnosis #PhysicalExam
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
• Labs: - Metabolic ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... → Syncope • Signs ... Hypoglycemia - Hypocalcemia
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Diagnosis and Management ... survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia ... Sarcoidosis #Diagnosis #Management ... #Signs #Symptoms
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Blood transfusion, Hypercalcemia ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Drug toxicity, Metabolic ... Syndrome #diagnosis #management
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
• Mutism Pathophysiology ... • Examine for signs ... ventilation and observe breathing ... caseyalbin #PhysicalExam
Malignant Hyperthermia Crisis - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Unexplained increase in ETCO2 AND tachycardia AND increased
rise is a late sign ... lungs: • Change breathing ... amiodarone/metoprolol Metabolic ... Checklist #Diagnosis #Management
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
hypomagnesemia • Metabolic ... Hypochloremic metabolic ... diagnosis #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology ... #Hypokalemia
Bulimia Nervosa: Complications
GASTROINTESTINAL
 • Dehydration & inability to digest food -> Constipation
 • Recurrent vomiting exposes
Vomiting may lead to metabolic ... abuse may lead to metabolic ... ) • Overall: hypokalemia ... Complications #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs