21 results
Positive Hoffmann's sign (finger flexor reflex) in a patient with Multiple Sclerosis

The Hoffmann's reflex test itself
Positive Hoffmann's sign ... and flicking the fingernail ... are not useful signs ... Reflex #Positive #Abnormal ... #PhysicalExam
Hoffmann's Sign

Hoffman's sign means upper motor neuron injury.  The Hoffmann's reflex test itself involves loosely
Hoffmann's Sign ... Hoffman's sign ... and flicking the fingernail ... Reflex #Positive #Abnormal ... video #neurology #physicalexam
Muehrcke's Lines (Leukonychia striata)
Narrow while transverse lines (Not depressed, compared to Beau's lines). Usually 2 or
and nephrotic syndrome ... Leukonychia #striata #Fingernails ... #PhysicalExam # ... Clinical #Photo #Sign
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
Refeeding Syndrome ... • Incr Glucose Metabolism ... - Metabolic ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Hypothyroid Myopathy
Very common (up to 80% ) in patients with hypothyroidism
Pathophysiology:
 • T4 deficiency leads to
hypothyroidism Pathophysiology ... deficiency leads to abnormal ... mitochondrial oxidative metabolism ... Hypothyroid #Myopathy #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... lumbar spine Signs ... Areflexia (loss of normal ... #CaudaEquina #Syndrome ... #MSK #pathophysiology
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
, anxiety, and metabolic ... hyperventilation syndrome—a ... Occasional sighs ... Abnormalities #Abnormal ... #Diagnosis #PhysicalExam
Abnormal liver function tests algorithm.
 This figure details the initial response to abnormal liver blood tests.
Abnormal liver function ... initial response to abnormal ... clinical symptoms/signs ... The presence of metabolic ... syndrome criteria
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome ... • Locked-in syndrome ... • Mutism Pathophysiology ... • Examine for signs ... caseyalbin #PhysicalExam
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
to be falsely normal ... Due to neuronal metabolism ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology