13 results
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
Retinoblastoma Signs / Symptoms ... partial retinal red reflex ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
Diagnosis and Management ... ophthalmoplegia and nystagmus ... treatment can improve symptoms ... Deficiency #Diagnosis #Management ... #neurology #nutrition
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
Diagnosis and Management ... Clinical Signs/Symptoms ... back pain - Symptoms ... numbness, decreased reflexes ... Pathophysiology
Periorbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Dacryoadenitis: infection of the lacrimal glands
b. Conjunctivitis: inflammation of the
- pupillary reflex ... Periorbital #Cellulitis #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
bladder and rectal reflex ... Syndromes #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #orthopedics #neurology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
diffuse light reflex ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
defect SIGNS/SYMPTOMS ... Incontinence • VISUAL: Nystagmus ... Signs and symptoms ... sclerosis #diagnosis #management ... #neurology #treatment
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Guillain-Barre Pathophysiology ... Decreased / Absent Reflexes ... Syndrome #diagnosis #management ... #treatment #neurology
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
lateral sclerosis Pathophysiology ... Increased Jaw Jerk reflex ... fasciculations Common Symptoms ... Lateral #Sclerosis #neurology ... #diagnosis #management
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
Acute autoimmune demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: 1
depressed deep tendon reflexes ... than one after symptom ... the underlying pathophysiology ... Syndrome #diagnosis #management ... #neurology