11 results
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
- Differential Diagnosis ... Oral sodium loading ... CT or MRI scan of ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Chorioretinitis • Diagnosis ... - Compatible syndrome ... + MRI lesions + ... RingEnhancing #Lesions #Brain ... #causes #radiology
Leigh Syndrome 
History: 19-month-old girl with hypotonia, developmental 
delay, failure to thrive, and bilateral optic disc
Leigh Syndrome ... DWI+ in acute disease ... #Clinical #MRI ... #Brain #Diagnosis ... #Radiology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
parietal lobes of the brain ... Shock, Autoimmune disease ... parietal lobes of the brain ... the underlying cause ... with AEDs until cause
Hepatic Encephalopathy - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Definition:
 • Alteration in brain function manifested by neuropsychiatric symptoms
Alteration in brain ... over course of disease ... Haven Criteria: ... Encephalopathy #Grading ... Management #treatment #hepatology
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
bouts of HTN Diagnostic ... Criteria: • Sensory ... negative, MOG-IgG test ... ruled out • Brain ... brain and/or optic
Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS)
Classified among the secondary or acquired forms of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH)

What?
A subset of
IL-1 and IL-6, leading ... Liver function tests ... Histopathologic criteria ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #Hematology #Rheumatology
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... Caused by intrapulmonary ... Criteria: • Underlying ... 80mmHg or A-a gradient ... #treatment #hepatology
Palpitations - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
• It is an unpleasant awareness or sensation that the heart is
- Differential Diagnosis ... heart is pounding, racing ... Palpitations Diagnosis ... due to decreased brain ... #Palpitations #Cardiology
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Vascular Causes ... extrahepatic source - Tests ... , RBC, kidney, brain ... #algorithm #hepatology