26 results
Patterns of pulmonary dysfunction revealed by flow-volume loops. For comparison, a normal loop is shown with
by flow-volume loops ... comparison, a normal loop ... Diagnosis #PFTs #Spirometry ... #FlowVolume #Loops
Asthma
Chronic lung disease characterized by airway inflammation, airway and variable expiratory air flow obstruction
There are 2
obstruction: • FEV1 ... 0.70 or lower • FEV1 ... Reversibility on spirometry ... • Increase of FEV1 ... or greater in FEV
Asthma vs COPD Presentation and Diagnosis
Asthma:
 • Epidemiology: Age usually < 45, History (personal or family)
Variably abnormal spirometry ... - FEV1/FVC < 70% ... bronchodilator, Spirometry ... Persistently abnormal spirometry ... - FEV1/FVC < 70%
Flow Volume Loops - Common Patterns
A. Normal
B. Emphysema
C. Unilateral Main Stem Bronchial Obstruction
D. Fixed Upper Airway
Flow Volume Loops ... Diagnosis #PFTs #Spirometry ... #FlowVolume #Loops
Pulmonary Function Testing: Flow Volume Loop Patterns
 • Variable extra-thoracic obstruction - truncated or flattened inspiratory
Testing: Flow Volume Loop ... and persevered FEV1 ... flow with reduced FEV1 ... #FlowVolume #Loops
Classic (2009) Spirometric GOLD Classification of COPD Severity Based on Postbronchodilator FEV
#Diagnosis #Pulmonary #COPD #GOLD #Staging
Classic (2009) Spirometric ... Postbronchodilator FEV ... Classification #FEV1
Nephron Pathophysiology Study Guide 

- Proximal Tubule
- Loop of Henle
- Distal Tubule
- Collecting Duct

The Kidney Zone

#Nephron
Nephron Pathophysiology ... Proximal Tubule - Loop ... Nephron #Nephrology #Pathophysiology
Nephron Pathophysiology - Diuretic Sites of Action
Diuretics
1) Acetazolamide/canagliflozin
2) Osmotic agents (mannitol, urearetics)
3) Loop agents (eg, furosemide)
4)
Nephron Pathophysiology ... urearetics) 3) Loop ... Adenosine #Nephron #Pathophysiology
Mechanism of Action of Diuretics
Amiloride, Triamterene, Spironolactone
Loop Diuretics
Thiazides
Acetazolamide

#Diuretics #Mechanism #Action #pharmacology #pathophysiology #nephrology
Spironolactone Loop ... #pharmacology #pathophysiology
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects
Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule
Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle
Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Thick ascending loop ... Nephron #Defects #Pathophysiology