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diagnosis differential management nephrology criticalcare hyponatremia causes rheumatology table foamed hypernatremia acidosis calcium cardiology chf clinical dermatology disease epilepticus gitelman
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
starts by measuring ... Diuretics, Bartter's syndrome ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... acid, Liddle's syndrome ... • Cushing's syndrome
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism • High
Hypocalcemia Workup ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... metastases, Hungry bone syndrome ... #Workup #Differential ... #nephrology #calcium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Algorithm 1) ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Behçet's Syndrome Systemic disease associated with inflammation of multiple organs, small-vessel vasculitis and large-vessel vasculopathy Epidemiology: • Young
Behçet's Syndrome ... occlusion, Budd-Chiari syndrome ... in Behcet syndrome ... adenopathy (PFAPA) syndrome ... #Syndrome #diagnosis
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... ON (UNa < 30): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing Common causes: • Renal parenchymal disease
(correction of hypokalemia ... Oral sodium loading ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... Mineralocorticoid excess syndromes ... Causes #Screening #Workup
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Diagnosis and Workup ... Repeat the sodium ... • nephrotic syndrome ... Hypernatremia #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... • Gitelman's syndrome ... Hypocalciuria (spot ... • Bartter syndrome ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment
The rationale for aggressive treatment of generalized status epilepticus was described previously here. In short,
for aggressive treatment ... In short, best outcomes ... cause aspiration, hyperkalemia ... #Management #Neurology ... Refractory #Seizures #Algorithm
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #nephrology
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