1597 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndrome
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome
 • Urine Chloride
 • Urine Ca/Cr ratio

Dr. Krithika
Differentiating Gitelman syndrome ... from Bartter syndrome ... • Urine Chloride ... • Urine Ca/Cr ... #Gitelman #syndrome
Metabolic Pathways of Purple Urine Bag Syndrome: Adopted from chart originally published in Purple Urine Bag
Pathways of Purple Urine ... Bag Syndrome: Adopted ... published in Purple Urine ... Bag Syndrome: A ... #Bag #Syndrome
Purple Urine Bag Syndrome
Chronic, indwelling catheter + bacteriuria (Providencia, Klebsiella, E.coli*) + alkaline urine
Tryptophan → Indoxyl
Purple Urine Bag ... Syndrome Chronic ... E.coli*) + alkaline urine ... BrighamChiefs #Purple #Urine ... #Bag #Syndrome
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Turbid White Urine (Albinuria):
 • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
Causes Abnormal Urine ... • Drummond's syndrome ... (blue diaper syndrome ... Bag Syndrome - ... Myoglobinuria, Nutcracker syndrome
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Urine K+ <13 mEq ... Aldosterone: Cushing syndrome ... excess, Liddle syndrome ... deficiency, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... (late) • High Urine ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... GRA, Cushing's syndrome ... , Liddle syndrome
Evaluation of Secondary Hypertension
 • Primary aldosteronism - PRA, PAC
 • Renal artery stenosis - Renal
fT4 • Cushing syndrome ... cortisol. 24-h urine ... Mineralocorticoid excess syndromes
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... (late) • High Urine ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... GRA, Cushing's syndrome ... , Liddle syndrome
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... Nephritic syndrome—due ... RBC casts in urine ... Nephrotic yndrome—podocyte ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndromes