6 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
- Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... Alcohol MH/CCF ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
(SPS) - Diagnosis ... antibody that works ... • CSF: Oligoclonal ... others (botox, sodium ... Management #treatment #neurology
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
disease b) CHF ... algorithm to determine ... Orthopedic • Low ... one post op Cardiology ... stratification #diagnosis
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
ECG is vital while ... acute coronary syndrome ... #algorithm #management ... #cardiology #treatment ... #heartfailure #chf