Toxic Alcohol Ingestion: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management Methanol intoxication: • Accidental or intentional ingestion of adulterated alcohol or products with methanol; rare cases of inhalation of methanol • Dx: Osmolal gap with HAGAc, Visual difficulties with optic papillitis Ethylene glycol intoxication: • Accidental or intentional ingestion of antifreeze, alcohol adulterated with ethylene glycol, or products with ethylene glycol • Dx: Osmolal gap with HAGAc, ARF with osmolal gap, Calcium oxalate crystals in urine, monohydrate or dihydrate Diethylene glycol intoxication: • Ingestion of contaminated medication or products with diethylene glycol • Dx: Osmolal gap with HAGAc, Osmolal gap with ARF, Osmolal gap with coma Propylene glycol intoxication: • Intravenous administration of medication with propylene glycol; rare ingestion of products with propylene glycol • Dx: Osmolal gap with or without LA Isopropanol intoxication: • Accidental or intentional ingestion of rubbing alcohol • Dx: Osmolal gap without HAGA Alcoholic ketoacidosis: • Binge drinking often in alcoholic patients associated with starvation and often vomiting • Dx: HAGA, trace positive or negative nitroprusside reaction with increase with H2O2; hypoglycemia; osmolal gap #Alcohol #Ingestion #diagnosis #toxicology #comparison #table #management #treatment
