Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
 • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a polymicrobial infection
 • Most common cause: Aspiration pneumonia
 • DM risk factor for Klebsiella pneumonia
 • Chronic alcoholism
 • Periodontal disease/poor dentition/gingival disease
 • IV substance use
 • Esophageal dysmotility
 • Depressed consciousness
 • Large volume feeding tubes

Lung Abscess Pathophysiology:
1. Inoculum
2. Pneumonitis
3. Tissue necrosis (7-14 days later)
4. Lung abscess

Lung Abscess - Clinical Presentation:
 • 80% have fever ≥ 38 degrees
 • Chills, night sweats, fatigue, unexplained weight loss
 • Late disease: Pleuritic chest pain, hemoptysis, dyspnea, productive cough
 • Putrid sputum/sour-tasting sputum

Lung Abscess - Physical Exam:
 • Poor dentition
 • Gingival crevice disease
 • Diminished breath sounds
 • Rales

Lung Abscess Diagnosis:
 • CBC - Leukocytosis, anemia
 • Sputum/Blood cultures
 • CXR (non-diagnostic in early disease)
 • CXR upright or lat decubitus - air fluid level seen
 • Chest CT

Lung Abscess Management:
 • Antibiotics:
	- IV Ampicillin-sulbactam
	- Piperacillin/Tazobactam - pseudomonas
	- Carbapenems
	- IV Clindamycin in case of PCN allergy
	- Switch to oral antibiotics once stable
	- 10-15% require lobectomy or pneumonectomy if fail antibiotics
 • Consider Surgical Intervention:
	- Fevers > 10 days
	- Hemoptysis
	- Cavitation > 6 cm
	- Neoplasm, or hemorrhage
 • Treatment duration: 
	- 3 weeks or continue antibiotic treatment until the chest radiograph shows a small, stable residual lesion or is clear. This generally requires several months of treatment
 • Delayed response: Evaluate for foreign body, cancer, or bronchial stenosis

Lung Abscess Pathogens:
 • Aerobic Bacteria:
	- Staph. Aureus
	- Legionella
	- H. Influenza
	- E. Coli
	- P. Aeruginosa
	- Strep. Pyogenes
	- K. Pneumonia
 • Anaerobic Bacteria:
	- Bacteroides
	- Fusobacterium
	- Peptostreptococcus
	- Prevotella
 • Fungal:
	- Aspergillosis
	- Blastomyces
	- Dermatitidis
	- Cryptococcus
	- Coccidioides
 • Parasite:
	- Entamoeba histolytica
	- Paragonimus westermani
 • Other: TB, M. avium, M. kansii

Lung Abscess Differential Diagnosis:
 • Vasculitis (e.g., Granulomatosis with polyangiitis)
 • Malignancy
 • Aspirated foreign body
 • Bronchostenosis

#Lung #Abscess #pulmonary #differential #causes #management #treatment #diagnosis 
Ravi Singh K @rav7ks · 4 years ago
Academic Hospitalist and Program Director @SinaiBmoreIMRes, Medicine clerkship director GW School of Medicine and Health Sciences RMC at Sinai, Clinical reasoning,Simulation and POCUS enthusiast - https://twitter.com/rav7ks
Related images