Thyroid Eye Signs
Lid Signs
Dalrymple’s Sign: Lid Retraction.
Von Graefe’s Sign: Lid lag of the upper eyelid on downward gaze.
Vigoroux Sign: Eyelid fullness/swelling. (Figure 1)
Grove Sign: Resistance to pulling down the retracted upper lid.
Rosenbach's Sign: Fine tremors of the eyelids when closed.
Gifford’s Sign: Difficulty in everting upper lid. • Enroth Sign: Edema of lower lid. (Figure 1)
Boston’s Sign: jerky irregular movement of upper lid on downward gaze.
Kocher’s Sign: Increased lid retraction with visual fixation (staring look). (Figure 2)
Abadie Sign: Spasm of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle with retraction of the upper lid.
Riesman's sign: Bruit heard over the closed eye with a stethoscope.
Facial Signs
Stellwag Sign: Incomplete and infrequent blinking (staring look).
Joffroy Sign: Absent creases in the forehead on superior gaze. (Figure 3)
Jellinek's Sign: Hyperpigmentation of the superior eye folds.
Hertoge’s Sign: Loss of the lateral third of eyebrows.
Sainton’s sign: Delayed forehead wrinkling on up gaze.
Extra-Ocular Muscle Signs
Möbius Sign: Inability to converge. (Figure 4)
Ballet Sign: Restriction of one or more extraocular muscles.
Jendrassik's Sign: Limitation of abduction and rotation of eyeballs.
Suker’s Sign: Poor fixation on abduction.
Pupillary Signs
Cowen’s Sign: Jerky pupillary constriction to light.
Lowy’s Sign: Mydriasis with instillation of lower concentration of adrenaline.
Knies’s sign: Unequal dilatation of pupil in dim light.
Others
Goldzeiher’s Sign: Deep injection of the bulbar conjunctiva. (Figure 5)
Payne Trouseau Sign: Globe luxation.
Sattler Sign: Increased intra-ocular pressure in upgaze.
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