Causes of Nausea and Vomiting - Differential Diagnosis Framework Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone/Area Postrema: • Drugs: - Chemo agents - Anesthesia - Opioids - NSAIDS - Aspirin - Antigout drugs - Cardiovascular agents: Digoxin, Antiarrhythmics, Anti-HTN, BB/CCB, Diuretics - Antibiotics - Nicotine - Alcohol - Hypervitaminosis • Toxins: - Bacteria - Viral • Metabolic: - Uremia - DKA - Hypercalcemia - AIP - Addison’s disease - Hyperthyroidism Cortex/CNS: • Migraine • Emotional response • Stress • Pain • Increased ICP: - Malignancy - Hemorrhage - Infarction - Meningitis - Abscess - Hydrocephalus - Pseudotumor cerebri Vestibular: • Motion sickness • Meniere disease • Tumors • Labyrinthitis • BPPV • Vestibular neuritis GI Tract: • Stretch: - Obstruction - Constipation - Gastroparesis • Gastric Irritants/mucosal disruption • Gastritis/PUD/GERD • Foods • IBS • Pancreatitis • Hepatitis • Mesenteric ischemia • Malignancy #nausea #vomiting #emesis #differential #diagnosis #causes #gastroenterology
