Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and Management
PTH Independent (↑ PTH)
• LOW VIT D
- Deficiency: ↓ Exposure (sunlight), ↓ Intake (diet)
- Activation: Liver disease, Kidney Disease (CKD)
- Metabolism: Drugs (phenytoin)
• NORMAL VIT D
- Accelerated Bone Formation: Hungy Bone Syndrome
- Calcium Sequestration: Pancreatitis, Blood Transfusions
- Medications: Bisphosphonates, Denosumab
PTH Dependent
• INADEQUATE PTH (↓ PTH)
- Iatrogenic (most common) - Surgery, Radiation
- Mg+ deficiency
- Infiltrative: Amyloid, TB (granuloma)
- Autoimmune: APS 1
- DiGeorge Syndrome
• PTH RESISTANCE (↑ PTH)
- Pseudohypoparathyroidism: Alteration in PTH Signaling
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