Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework PRERENAL: - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated - Systemic vasodilation - Volume depletion - Diagnosis: History, urinalysis, labs - Management: Fluid resuscitation to correct, underlying volume deficiency, Diuretics if heart failure INTRINSIC: - Glomerular (red blood cells/proteinuria on UA) - Interstitial (eosinophils/white blood cell casts on UA) - Tubular (renal tubular cell casts or pigmented casts on UA) - Vascular - Diaqnosis: Renal ultrasonography, urinalysis, renal biopsy - Management: Avoiding nephrotoxic drugs, treating underlying cause POSTRENAL: - Obstruction to urinary outflow - Extrarenal: prostate hypertrophy, urinary tract malignancy, retroperitoneal fibrosis - Intrarenal: stones, crystals, tumors - Diagnosis: Renal ultrasonography - Manaqement: Relief of obstruction (catheterization, percutaneous drainage, or stenting as appropriate) #Acute #Kidney #Injury #AKI #Differential #Diagnosis
