Venous Thrombosis vs Arterial Thrombosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework VENOUS THROMBOSIS • Acquired Risk Factors: - >48 hours of immobility - Hospital admission - Surgery - Malignancy - Previous thromboembolism • Inherited Thrombophilia: - Factor V Leiden mutation - Prothrombin gene mutation (G20210A) - Protein S deficiency - Protein C deficiency - Antithrombin deficiency - Homocysteinemia • Hematological: - HIT, PNH, Myeloproliferative disease, Hyperviscosity, TTP, APLS • Malignancy • Surgery • Trauma • Compression: Paget-Schroetter, May-Thurner • Intravenous Drug Use • Pregnancy • Drugs: - Oral and transdermal contraceptives - HRT - Tamoxifen - Bevacizumab - Glucocorticoids - Testosterone - Coumadin skin necrosis • Nephrotic Syndrome, Ischemic Liver, IBD • COVID-19 • Fat Emboli ARTERIAL THROMBOSIS Arterial Embolism • Thrombus or plaque originating from aneurysms or atherosclerotic lesions (atheroemboli) • Aorta - Aortic dissection - Aortic mural thrombus • Paradoxical Embolism • Cardiac: - Atrial thrombus - atrial fibrillation - Left ventricular thrombus - Debris from prosthetic valves - Infected cardiac valves (septic emboli) - Myxoma • Cholesterol Emboli Arterial Thrombosis: • Atherosclerotic plaque • Dissection • Aneurysm • Hypercoagulability: - Malignancy - Antiphospholipid antibodies (APLS should be considered in all cases of arterial thrombosis in young patients (<50 years) without cardiovascular risk factors) - Hyperhomocysteinemia - Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia - Disseminated intravascular coagulation and other causes of purpura fulminans - COVID-19 - PNH - Vasculitis • Injury • Thrombosis Following Intervention • In-Situ Thrombosis #Thrombosis #Embolism #Venous #Arterial #pathophysiology #hematology #differential #diagnosis #vascular
