Causes of Copper Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Hereditary: - Menkes disease, familial hypoceruloplasminemia Decreased / Inadequate Intake: - Anorexic patients, malnutrition, Kwashiorkor, poverty, vegetarian, parenteral hyperalimentation Increased Demand: - Pregnant women, lactating women, premature infants, infants Increased copper loss or inadequate absorption: - Malabsorption conditions include inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, Celiac sprue, post-bariatric surgery, gastrectomy, prolonged diarrhea, protein-losing enteropathy, sprue, tropical and non-tropical Drug-related: - Excessive zinc ingestion (e.g., from dentures, or excessive oral supplementation) or iron supplements Iatrogenic: - Parenteral or enteral nutrition with inadequate copper supplements #Copper #Deficiency #Differential #Diagnosis #nutrition
