Jugular Waveform Components • a wave - due to atrial contraction: It occurs just before the first heart sound and carotid pulse. • x descent - due to right atrial relaxation. • c wave - caused by the bulging of the tricuspid valve closing back toward the right atrium during ventricular isovolumetric contraction. • x descent - due to subsequent atrial relaxation. • v wave - results when the filling in the atrium overcomes the descent of the base. • y descent - is caused by the opening of the tricuspid valve. Thus the y descent cannot begin until after the S2. #Waves #Jugular #Waveforms #JVP #PhysicalExam #cardiology
