Cyclosporiasis - Diagnosis and Management Summary Pathogen: • Cyclospora cayetanensis • Foodborne, waterbone, and soil-transmitted. • Obligate intracellular parasite. • Unsporulated cysts are spheroidal, 8-10 μm in diameter. Epidemiology: Most frequently reported in Latin America. Egypt, sub-Saharan Africa. Indian subcontinent. Southeast Asia. Transmission: • Fecal-oral transmission is the major route. • Direct person-to-person transmission is unlikely. • No evidence of transmission as zoonotic infection. • Humans are the only natural hosts. Risk Factors: • Contaminated water food or soil • Poor sanitation • Low socioeconomic status • Children (age 2-4 years) • Immunocompromised host (HIV) • International travel to endemic areas Presentation: • Incubation period is 2-14 days • Anorexia, Nausea, Flatulence, Fatigue, Abdominal cramping, Watery diarrhea, Low-grade fever, Weight loss Diagnosis: • Established via stool microscopy. May not be detected by routine O&P • Clinical relevance of +PCR and -AFB is not clear. Treatment: • TMP-SMX-DS • Sulfa allergy: Ciprofloxacin By @TheIDtrivia #Cyclosporiasis #Cyclospora #cayetanensis #diagnosis #management #treatment #microbiology #infectiousdiseases
