Hemorrhagic Pericardial Effusions (Hemopericardium)- Differential Diagnosis Framework IATROGENIC DISEASE Secondary to invasive cardiac procedures NONIATROGENIC • Malignancy (e.g., metastatic spread: lung cancer, breast cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, melanoma, sarcomas, and many carcinomas) • Complications of acute myocardial infarction • Aortic dissection - proximal • Hemorrhagic tuberculous pericardial effusions are uncommon - 1 to 2% of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis OTHER RARE CAUSES • PRIMARY Cardiac tumors - rare: Angiosarcoma, sarcoma, mesothelioma • AVM, HHT • Primary systemic amyloidosis • Uremia • Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) • Radiation induced • MCTD, Lupus, GPA, RA, and other CTD TIP: Cytologic studies of the hemorrhagic fluid may have false negative results in some patients, especially those with lymphoma or mesothelioma. Might likely have to repeat if malignancy is suspected. #Hemorrhagic #Pericardial #Effusion #Hemopericardium #Differential #Diagnosis #cardiology
