Hypoxemia / Hypoxia - Rapid Response Management Algorithm Stridor - Upper airway pathology: • Anaphylaxis • Foreign body • Angioedema • Subglottic stenosis • Epiglottitis • Vocal cord dysfunction • Extrinsic compression (e.g., hematoma, tumor) Crackles / ↓ Air Movement - Lower airway pathology: • Blood: diffuse alveolar hemorrhage • Pus: pneumonia • Water: pulmonary edema • Air: pneumothorax, COPD/asthma • Pleural disease • Severe atelectasis • Lung fibrosis RR < 12 / shallow breathing - Hypoventilation: • CNS depression (e.g., opioids, OHS, toxic metabolic encephalopathy, central sleep apnea) • Neuromuscular disorders (e.g., GBS, MG, ALS) • ↓ chest wall compliance (e.g., flail chest, kyphoscoliosis) By Matthew Ho, MD PhD @MatthewHoMD, Clement Lee, MD @ClementLeeMD, Sophia Hayes MD @Sophia_Hayes_MD #Hypoxemia #Hypoxia #differential #Diagnosis #Management #Algorithm #rapid #pulmonary
