STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair the ability of the cardiovascular system to circulate blood. Stage D CHF is frequently associated with end-stage heart failure, although there are sometimes advanced treatment options that may help prolong life and decrease frequency of hospitalization arising from flare ups that cause class III and class IV symptoms. Treatments may include: cardiac resynchronization with a biventricular pacemaker for patients with certain characteristics; a left ventricular assist device (LVAD- an external mechanical pump that augments circulation despite the weak heart) though mostly reserved for patients being considered for heart transplants. #Management #Cardiology #CHF #Congestive #HeartFailure #Staging #Stages #ACCAHA #Algorithm
