Pain Assessment and Management Initiative (PAMI) - Nonpharmacologic Interventions (pediatric and adult)
Physical (Sensory) Interventions
- Comfort positioning
- Cutaneous stimulation
- Nonnutritive sucking
- Pacifier +/- sucrose solution
- Pressure, massage
- Hot or Cold treatments
Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions
- Psychological preparation, education, or coaching
- Distraction tools: movies, games, videos, apps,
toys with light/sound, bubbles
- Relaxation techniques (breathing, meditation, etc.)
- Music and singing
- Guided imagery
- Conversation and therapeutic language
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