Bronchiolitis - Lower respiratory tract (bronchioles) Microbiology • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (most commonl • Rhinovirus, Parainfluenza virus, Human metapneumovirus • Influenza virus Clinical • Occurs primarily in children 2-years-old • Often preceded by a 1 to 3 day URI prodrome • Fever, Cough • Respiratory distress (tachypnea, retractions, wheezing, crackles) Complications • Dehydration • Apnea (premature and < 2 months old) • Aspiration pneumonia, Respiratory failure Management Nonsevere bronchiolitis • Anticipatory guidance, nasal suctioning, hydration Severe bronchiolitis • Trial of inhaled bronchodilator (controversial) • Heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula • Continuous positive airway pressure • Endotracheal intubation #Bronchiolitis #Diagnosis #Management #Peds #Pediatrics
